Math and Vector Utilities

Utility functions for angles, distances, and vector operations. More...

Files
file	angle_utils.c
	Angle conversion and normalization utilities.
file	distance_utils.c
	Distance computation utilities for 2D points.
file	ft_math.h
	Math and geometry utilities for libft.
file	math_utils.c
	Utility math functions for floating-point operations.

Data Structures
struct	s_dpoint
struct	s_point

Macros
#define	M_PI   3.14159265358979323846

Typedefs
typedef struct s_dpoint	t_dpoint
	A simple struct for storing double float coordinates.
typedef struct s_point	t_point
	A simple struct for storing integer coordinates.

Functions
double	clamp (double value, double min, double max)
	Clamps a value between a minimum and maximum.
double	deg_to_rad (double degrees)
	Converts an angle from degrees to radians.
t_dpoint	divide_vector_by_scalar (t_dpoint vec, double scalar)
	Divides a 2D vector by a scalar.
double	ft_euclidean_dist_dpoint (t_dpoint a, t_dpoint b)
	Computes Euclidean distance between two floating-point points.
int	ft_euclidean_dist_point (t_point a, t_point b)
	Computes Euclidean distance between two integer points.
double	ft_manhattan_dist_dpoint (t_dpoint a, t_dpoint b)
	Computes Manhattan distance between two floating-point points.
int	ft_manhattan_dist_point (t_point a, t_point b)
	Computes Manhattan distance between two integer points.
t_dpoint	get_direction_vector (t_dpoint from, t_dpoint to)
	Computes the vector pointing from one point to another.
double	get_dot_product (t_dpoint vec1, t_dpoint vec2)
	Computes the dot product of two 2D vectors.
double	get_fractional_part (double value)
	Gets the fractional part of a floating-point number.
t_dpoint	get_normalized_vector (t_dpoint vector)
	Returns the normalized (unit length) vector.
t_dpoint	get_unit_direction_vector (t_dpoint from, t_dpoint to)
	Computes the normalized direction vector between two points.
double	get_vector_angle (t_dpoint vector)
	Computes the angle of a 2D vector in radians.
double	get_vector_angle_between (t_dpoint from, t_dpoint to)
	Computes the angle between two points as a direction vector.
double	get_vector_length (t_dpoint vec)
	Computes the length (magnitude) of a 2D vector.
double	rad_to_deg (double radians)
	Converts an angle from radians to degrees.
double	wrap_angle (double angle)
	Wraps an angle in radians to the range [0, 2π).
double	wrap_in_range (double value, double range)
	Wraps a value within the range [0, range).

Detailed Description

Utility functions for angles, distances, and vector operations.

This group contains helper functions for geometric calculations such as angle conversion, vector normalization, direction finding, and distance measurement between points.

Includes:

• Angle conversion (degrees ↔ radians)
• Distance calculations (Manhattan, Euclidean)
• Vector math (length, normalization, direction, dot product)
• Utility functions (clamp, wrap, etc.)

Note

All functions are pure and do not perform memory allocation.

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Data Structure Documentation

s_dpoint

struct s_dpoint

Data Fields
double	x
double	y

Field Documentation

x

double s_dpoint::x

y

double s_dpoint::y

s_point

struct s_point

Data Fields
int	x
int	y

Field Documentation

x

int s_point::x

y

int s_point::y

Macro Definition Documentation

M_PI

#define M_PI   3.14159265358979323846

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Mathematical constant π

Typedef Documentation

t_dpoint

t_dpoint

#include <include/ft_math.h>

A simple struct for storing double float coordinates.

Represents a 2D point or vector with double-precision.

• x: the horizontal component
• y: the vertical component

t_point

t_point

#include <include/ft_math.h>

A simple struct for storing integer coordinates.

Represents a 2D point with integer precision.

• x: the horizontal component
• y: the vertical component

Function Documentation

clamp()

double clamp	(	double	value,
		double	min,
		double	max
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Clamps a value between a minimum and maximum.

Ensures that the returned value lies within the interval [min, max]. If the input is below min, returns min. If above max, returns max. Otherwise, returns value.

Parameters

value	The input value to clamp.
min	The minimum allowed value.
max	The maximum allowed value.

Returns

The clamped value.

deg_to_rad()

double deg_to_rad

(

double

degrees

)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Converts an angle from degrees to radians.

Multiplies the given angle in degrees by π/180 to convert it into radians. This is useful when dealing with trigonometric functions that expect radians.

Parameters

degrees

The angle in degrees.

Returns

The angle in radians.

divide_vector_by_scalar()

t_dpoint divide_vector_by_scalar	(	t_dpoint	vec,
		double	scalar
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Divides a 2D vector by a scalar.

Returns a new vector with each component divided by the given scalar. This is often used for vector normalization or scaling down.

Parameters

vec	The original vector.
scalar	The scalar to divide by.

Returns

A new vector with divided components.

Warning

Does not handle division by zero.

ft_euclidean_dist_dpoint()

double ft_euclidean_dist_dpoint	(	t_dpoint	a,
		t_dpoint	b
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Computes Euclidean distance between two floating-point points.

Uses the Pythagorean theorem to compute the straight-line distance between two points represented with t_dpoint. This is useful in precise geometric contexts such as physics or rendering systems.

Parameters

a	The first point (floating-point).
b	The second point (floating-point).

Returns

The Euclidean distance as a double.

ft_euclidean_dist_point()

int ft_euclidean_dist_point	(	t_point	a,
		t_point	b
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Computes Euclidean distance between two integer points.

Applies the Pythagorean theorem to compute the straight-line distance between two 2D integer points. Internally casts to double to perform accurate calculations. The final result is truncated to an integer.

Parameters

a	The first point.
b	The second point.

Returns

The Euclidean distance as an integer (truncated).

ft_manhattan_dist_dpoint()

double ft_manhattan_dist_dpoint	(	t_dpoint	a,
		t_dpoint	b
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Computes Manhattan distance between two floating-point points.

Calculates the Manhattan distance using floating-point coordinates. This version is useful for precise 2D simulations and smooth position interpolation where integer coordinates are insufficient.

Parameters

a	The first point (floating-point).
b	The second point (floating-point).

Returns

The Manhattan distance as a double.

ft_manhattan_dist_point()

int ft_manhattan_dist_point	(	t_point	a,
		t_point	b
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Computes Manhattan distance between two integer points.

Calculates the sum of the absolute differences in the x and y coordinates. This is often used in grid-based pathfinding like A* or taxicab geometry.

Parameters

a	The first point.
b	The second point.

Returns

The Manhattan distance as an integer.

get_direction_vector()

t_dpoint get_direction_vector	(	t_dpoint	from,
		t_dpoint	to
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Computes the vector pointing from one point to another.

Returns the vector representing the displacement from from to to. Useful for direction-based operations.

Parameters

from	Starting point.
to	Target point.

Returns

A 2D vector representing the direction.

get_dot_product()

double get_dot_product	(	t_dpoint	vec1,
		t_dpoint	vec2
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Computes the dot product of two 2D vectors.

Calculates the scalar dot product as (x1 * x2 + y1 * y2). This is useful for projections, angle comparisons, and detecting perpendicular vectors.

Parameters

vec1	First 2D vector.
vec2	Second 2D vector.

Returns

The scalar dot product.

get_fractional_part()

double get_fractional_part

(

double

value

)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Gets the fractional part of a floating-point number.

Returns the part of the input after the decimal point by subtracting the floored value from the original. This is useful in periodic functions or graphical effects.

Parameters

value

The input value.

Returns

The fractional part of the input (value - floor(value)).

get_normalized_vector()

t_dpoint get_normalized_vector

(

t_dpoint

vector

)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Returns the normalized (unit length) vector.

Produces a vector with length 1 pointing in the same direction as the input. If the input is zero-length, returns (0, 0).

Parameters

vector

The input vector to normalize.

Returns

A unit vector in the same direction.

See also

get_vector_length

divide_vector_by_scalar

get_unit_direction_vector()

t_dpoint get_unit_direction_vector	(	t_dpoint	from,
		t_dpoint	to
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Computes the normalized direction vector between two points.

Returns a unit-length vector pointing from from to to. This is especially useful for movement or orientation systems.

Parameters

from	Starting point.
to	Target point.

Returns

The unit direction vector.

See also

get_direction_vector

get_normalized_vector

get_vector_angle()

double get_vector_angle

(

t_dpoint

vector

)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Computes the angle of a 2D vector in radians.

Uses atan2(y, x) to return the signed angle from the positive x-axis to the vector direction.

Parameters

vector

The 2D vector.

Returns

The angle in radians.

get_vector_angle_between()

double get_vector_angle_between	(	t_dpoint	from,
		t_dpoint	to
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Computes the angle between two points as a direction vector.

Forms a vector from from to to, then calculates its angle from the x-axis using atan2. Useful for aiming or facing direction.

Parameters

from	Starting point.
to	Target point.

Returns

Angle in radians of the direction vector.

See also

get_direction_vector

get_vector_angle

get_vector_length()

double get_vector_length

(

t_dpoint

vec

)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Computes the length (magnitude) of a 2D vector.

Uses the Euclidean norm formula: sqrt(x² + y²) to compute the vector's magnitude. This is commonly used for normalization, distance evaluation, and vector-based physics.

Parameters

vec	A 2D vector.

Returns

The magnitude (length) of the vector.

rad_to_deg()

double rad_to_deg

(

double

radians

)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Converts an angle from radians to degrees.

Multiplies the given angle in radians by 180/π to obtain its value in degrees. This is commonly used when interfacing with systems that expect degrees instead of radians.

Parameters

radians

The angle in radians.

Returns

The angle in degrees.

wrap_angle()

double wrap_angle

(

double

angle

)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Wraps an angle in radians to the range [0, 2π).

Normalizes the angle by continuously adding or subtracting 2π until it fits within the standard interval [0, 2π). This is essential when working with periodic functions or for ensuring angular continuity in rendering and physics.

Parameters

angle

The angle in radians to normalize.

Returns

The normalized angle in the range [0, 2π).

wrap_in_range()

double wrap_in_range	(	double	value,
		double	range
	)

#include <include/ft_math.h>

Wraps a value within the range [0, range).

Normalizes a value to be within the bounds of [0, range). If the value is below 0, adds the range. If it's greater than or equal to the range, subtracts the range.

This is commonly used in cyclic systems like angles or timers.

Parameters

value	The value to wrap.
range	The range in which to wrap the value.

Returns

A wrapped value within [0, range).